According to an article published in The American Journal of Public Health, May 2014, Research has consistently shown that gang membership has proximal adverse consequences during adolescence that, in turn, lead to significant social and economic costs.1–3 Active gang members are much more likely than their nongang peers to engage in criminal behavior,2,4,5 especially serious and violent offending6; in addition, they are more likely to be involved in drug use and selling,5 have more difficulties in school,4 and are more likely to be violently victimized.3 However, with few exceptions, there is scant research on possible broader, long-term public health consequences of gang membership.7–9